{"id":17981,"date":"2023-06-05T09:37:13","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T07:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plenoil.es\/es-el-hidrogen-realment-una-opcio-per-substituir-els-combustibles-fossils\/"},"modified":"2024-02-13T15:42:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T14:42:53","slug":"es-el-hidrogen-realment-una-opcio-per-substituir-els-combustibles-fossils","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plenergy.es\/ca\/es-el-hidrogen-realment-una-opcio-per-substituir-els-combustibles-fossils\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bf\u00c9s el hidrogen realment una opci\u00f3 per substituir els combustibles f\u00f2ssils?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aqu\u00ed tienes la traducci\u00f3n al catal\u00e1n manteniendo el HTML:<\/p>\n

En la cursa cap a la descarbonitzaci\u00f3<\/strong>, les administracions p\u00fabliques han apostat per l’electrificaci\u00f3, per\u00f2, \u00bfhi ha altres opcions? Algunes entitats ja estan valorant substituir el combustible per hidrogen<\/strong>, per\u00f2 \u00bf\u00e9s realment l’hidrogen una opci\u00f3 per substituir els combustibles f\u00f2ssils? Aquest compost es qualifica com una de les promeses en el sector del motor, per\u00f2 malgrat comptar amb innombrables beneficis, \u00e9s un combustible molt dif\u00edcil d’obtenir<\/strong>, ja que no es pot obtenir directament de la natura. Es presenten tres principals obstacles cara a l’obtenci\u00f3 d’hidrogen<\/strong>: es troba acompanyat per altres elements de la natura, la seva conversi\u00f3 a estat l\u00edquid i la seva costosa inversi\u00f3 que eleva el seu preu final. Per aconseguir aquest element \u00e9s necessari extreure’l de l’aigua, el carb\u00f3 o el gas natural. La millor opci\u00f3 \u00e9s l’aigua ja que es troba present en la major part del planeta. En canvi, aquest element t\u00e9 estat gas\u00f3s pel que \u00e9s necessari desenvolupar un proc\u00e9s d’electr\u00f2lisi. Aquesta obtenci\u00f3 \u00e9s molt costosa i es necessita energia el\u00e8ctrica, la qual, a vegades, no prov\u00e9 d’energies netes<\/strong>. Cada vegada s\u00f3n m\u00e9s les empreses que aposten per aquesta energia, aix\u00ed mateix, s’ha realitzat una categoritzaci\u00f3 de colors determinats per la seva sostenibilitat. En funci\u00f3 de la seva repercussi\u00f3 en el medi ambient es categoritzen cinc tipus d’hidrogen<\/strong>: negre, gris, marr\u00f3, blau, turquesa, rosa, verd, groc i blanc.<\/p>\n

Tipologia<\/h2>\n

Hidrogen negre i marr\u00f3<\/h3>\n

Es tracta de l’hidrogen que m\u00e9s contamina, ja que es forma a partir d’hidrocarburs com el met\u00e0 o el carb\u00f3. Aquest s’obt\u00e9 a trav\u00e9s de la gasificaci\u00f3<\/strong>, proc\u00e9s en el qual es crema carb\u00f3 a altes temperatures i s’expulsa hidrogen i mon\u00f2xid de carboni. <\/p>\n

Hidrogen gris<\/h3>\n

L’hidrogen gris \u00e9s el m\u00e9s utilitzat al m\u00f3n, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 un dels m\u00e9s contaminants<\/strong>, ja que es produeix a partir de gas natural mitjan\u00e7ant la t\u00e8cnica de reformado de vapor. Aquest m\u00e8tode es basa en la pressi\u00f3 de l’element per eliminar el di\u00f2xid de carboni i obtenir aix\u00ed l’hidrogen. <\/p>\n

Hidrogen blau<\/h3>\n

Tamb\u00e9 conegut com a “baix en carboni”<\/strong>, per\u00f2 encara necessita utilitzar combustibles f\u00f2ssils per a la seva obtenci\u00f3. En canvi, emet menys carboni perqu\u00e8 es realitza mitjan\u00e7ant el m\u00e8tode “captura i emmagatzematge”. \u00c9s el m\u00e9s utilitzat juntament amb el gris. Aquest tipus d’hidrogen genera emissions de CO2, per\u00f2 es capturen i un cop emmagatzemades es poden reutilitzar per fabricar eco-combustibles. <\/p>\n

Hidrogen turquesa<\/h3>\n

Aquest tipus d’hidrogen tamb\u00e9 utilitza combustibles f\u00f2ssils, per\u00f2 es diferencia del blau i el gris en qu\u00e8 t\u00e9 lloc un proc\u00e9s d’extracci\u00f3 conegut com a pir\u00f2lisi<\/strong>. Aquest proc\u00e9s consisteix en la degradaci\u00f3 t\u00e8rmica amb la falta d’oxigen i substituci\u00f3 dels gasos contaminants pel carboni, \u00e9s a dir, el gas natural passa per un metall fosa i es llibera l’hidrogen i carboni de forma s\u00f2lida. D’aquesta manera s’eviten les emissions de CO2. Aquest m\u00e8tode encara es troba en una fase inicial. <\/p>\n

\"Tipus

Hidrogen rosa<\/h3>\n

Es forma a partir d’energies nuclears i el seu m\u00e8tode d’extracci\u00f3 torna a ser la electr\u00f2lisi de l’aigua<\/strong>. Es classifica entre un dels m\u00e9s sostenibles, en canvi, des de EDP<\/a> afirmen que” no arriba a ser neta pels riscos i residus radiactius que sempre porta associats”.<\/em> <\/p>\n

Hidrogen verd<\/h3>\n

Es tracta de l’opci\u00f3 m\u00e9s ecol\u00f2gica, ja que est\u00e0 creat a partir d’energies renovables<\/strong>. En canvi, \u00e9s el menys com\u00fa al mercat. El seu proc\u00e9s d’obtenci\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 es d\u00f3na mitjan\u00e7ant electr\u00f2lisi i les emissions associades a aquest element s\u00f3n molt baixes o nul\u00b7les. <\/p>\n

Hidrogen groc<\/h3>\n

L’hidrogen groc es crea a partir de l’energia solar i el seu proc\u00e9s d’extracci\u00f3 \u00e9s l’electr\u00f2lisi. En el proc\u00e9s d’extracci\u00f3 s’utilitzen energies mixtes<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Hidrogen blanc<\/h3>\n

Aquest tipus d’hidrogen encara est\u00e0 en exploraci\u00f3 i no hi ha molta informaci\u00f3 al respecte. S’extreu directament de la natura i les seves emissions s\u00f3n nul\u00b7les. Des de EDP<\/a> afirmen que \u00e9s “inodor i incolor i no hi ha t\u00e8cniques eficients i econ\u00f2micament viables per extreure’l”. <\/p>\n

\u00c9s possible implantar l’hidrogen com a principal font?<\/h2>\n

La implantaci\u00f3 d’hidrogeneres \u00e9s una realitat en pa\u00efsos com Jap\u00f3, Estats Units o Alemanya, en canvi, a Espanya no est\u00e0 estesa. Al m\u00f3n hi ha un total de 685 hidrogeneres<\/strong>, segons les darreres dades publicades el 2021. D’aquestes, 228 es troben a Europa, amb Alemanya com a principal desenvolupador. Des de la Uni\u00f3 Europea es va impulsar la implantaci\u00f3 d’hidrogeneres el 2014 mitjan\u00e7ant la Directiva 2014\/94 de la Uni\u00f3 Europea<\/a>.
\nD’altra banda, Espanya va posar en marxa el 2020 la Full de Ruta amb l’hidrogen: una aposta per l’hidrogen renovable<\/a>. Malgrat aquesta normativa encara hi ha directrius que no s’han definit<\/strong> com la data per assolir l’objectiu marcat, la dist\u00e0ncia entre hidrogeneres o l’any en qu\u00e8 s’aconseguir\u00e0 la implantaci\u00f3 d’un m\u00ednim d’hidrogeneres (entre el 2028 i el 2031). Malgrat les diverses formes que hi ha de crear hidrogen<\/strong>, el problema rau en el seu emmagatzematge, utilitzaci\u00f3 i contaminaci\u00f3 que comporten algunes t\u00e8cniques. El preu de l’hidrogen encara est\u00e0 desorbitat i no est\u00e0 a l’abast del ciutad\u00e0 mitj\u00e0 i se li suma que la creaci\u00f3 d’una hidrogenera est\u00e0 al voltant d’un mili\u00f3 d’euros.<\/p>\n

Preu d’un repostatge “ple”<\/h2>\n

A difer\u00e8ncia de la gasolina que es mesura en litres, l’hidrogen es subministra en quilograms. El cost actual es situa entre els 3 i els 10 euros per quilogram<\/strong>, pel que encara no es troba a l’abast del ciutad\u00e0 mitj\u00e0 que repostaria, per exemple, a Plenoil<\/a> a 1,40 c\u00e8ntims el litre de mitjana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aqu\u00ed tienes la traducci\u00f3n al catal\u00e1n manteniendo el HTML: En la cursa cap a la descarbonitzaci\u00f3, les administracions p\u00fabliques han apostat per l’electrificaci\u00f3, per\u00f2, \u00bfhi ha altres opcions? Algunes entitats ja estan valorant substituir el combustible per hidrogen, per\u00f2 \u00bf\u00e9s realment l’hidrogen una opci\u00f3 per substituir els combustibles f\u00f2ssils? Aquest compost es qualifica com una […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[141,146,128,439,147,140,464,465,323,466],"class_list":["post-17981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualitat","tag-benzina","tag-benzinera-a-prop-meu","tag-benzineres","tag-coches-ca","tag-diesel-ca","tag-gasoil-ca","tag-hidrogeno-ca","tag-medio-ambiente-ca","tag-moto-ca","tag-soluciones-ca"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bf\u00c9s el hidrogen realment una opci\u00f3 per substituir els combustibles f\u00f2ssils? - Plenergy gasolineras<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les administracions p\u00fabliques han apostat per l'electrificaci\u00f3. \u00bf\u00c9s el hidrogen realment una opci\u00f3 per substituir els combustibles f\u00f2ssils?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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